Apparently, he was unable to afford any words describing himself or his family in any way. Therefore, while twelve other men named Obadiah appear in Scripture, Old Testament scholars cannot identify with certainty any of them as the author of this book.
Dating the book of Obadiah accurately is nearly impossible due to the scant historical information contained in the book. While several options have been proposed by scholars, the best argument places Obadiah in the s BC, making him the earliest writing prophet, a few years prior to Joel, and a contemporary of Elisha.
The biggest piece of evidence for this early date comes from Obadiah —14, which indicates an Edomite invasion of Jerusalem. While Edom was too weak a nation to ever invade Judah on its own, Edom no doubt participated with other nations when the winds of change blew in its favor.
The majority of the book pronounces judgment on the foreign nation of Edom, making Obadiah one of only three prophets who pronounced judgment primarily on other nations Nahum and Habakkuk are the others. Edom had been found guilty of pride before the Lord Obadiah Through Obadiah, God reminded Edom of their poor treatment of His people —14 and promised redemption, not to the Edomites but to the people of Judah — Then years later the Edomites became David's servants 2 Samuel During Jehoram's reign however the Edomites revolted from under the dominion of Judah 2 Kings There were further fights between Edom and Judah under the reigns of Jehoshaphat, Amaziah and Ahaz 2 Chronicles ; 2 Chronicles ; 2 Chronicles Only the Babylonians devastated a few years later Edom itself.
This is when the Nabathean Empire arose in Edom. Since Jerusalem's destruction in 70 AC the Edomites disappeared from history. In a future day however Edom will appear again.
The nation characterized by un-judged brotherly hatred for God-given blessings will flee from the coming king of the north Daniel But God Himself will punish them afterwards Is. The means of God's punishment will be His people Israel Is.
Obadiah in his short prophecy over Edom describes the threat of this final judgment and the reasons for it. But at the same time he informs that the day of Jehovah will be a day of general judgment over the nations and a time of restoration for the people of Israel.
Obadiah : The Future Destruction of Edom. The epistles of 1, 2, 3 John expound upon walking in fellowship with God and one another with a pure heart, which is its secondary theme. The epistle of Jude expounds how living a godly lifestyle with our bodies, which is its secondary theme. Everett The Secondary Theme of the Book of Revelation - The secondary theme of the book of Revelation reveals the judgment upon the earth through the Tribulation Period and Second Coming of Jesus Christ, giving believers a vision of the hope that is laid up before them as a source of encouragement for those who persevere until the end.
The secondary theme supports this claim with the prophecies concerning the Great Tribulation Period and Second Coming. Ezekiel predicts the restoration of the nation of Israel, victory over her enemies, and the rebuilding of a more glorious Temple with the return of the glory of God. The twelve Minor Prophets offer supporting testimonies to the three Major Prophets.
The book of Daniel stands alone in the Old Testament in its structure and content in much the same way that the book of Revelation is unique to the New Testament. Both are apocalyptic in nature, using symbolic figures to prophesy of future events. Daniel is structured different from the three major prophets, being similar to the books of Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther in its narrative material, while containing a large amount of prophecy.
The book of Daniel takes us through the Times of the Gentiles when God divinely works in this group of people to carry out His divine plan of election and redemption. He makes mention of the Kingdom of Heaven from the view of the ages of the worldly kingdoms. At that time, Christ will rule and reign from the holy city of Jerusalem and the nation of Israel will again take center stage and be restored to its fullness.
The prophet Daniel ministered directly to the Babylonian kings. He understood by a vision that a temporary restoration would take place in a seventy-year period, but that a full restoration would not be accomplished until a seventy-week period was fulfilled. Everett The prophet Daniel was a contemporary of Ezekiel. While Daniel was ministering to the kings of the Gentile nations, Ezekiel was providing comfort and hope to the Jews in Babylonian captivity. If we compare their two ministries, we see that they both served to provide to the Jews a hope of future restoration.
Although Ezekiel did prophesy about the judgment of those nations surrounding Israel, his primary focus reveals the rebirth and establishment of Israel, while Daniel focused upon the rise and fall of the Gentile nations.
In addition, both prophets show us that all nations will one day be made subject to the Ancient of Days, the King of Kings, when Jesus Christ will rule and reign over this earth with His saints. The book of Daniel plays an important role in the books of the prophets in that it sets a framework and timelines for all other prophetic events to take place. Daniel literally predicted the year A.
If we compare the three prophetic books of Ezekiel, Daniel, and Revelation, we can make the following observations. Regarding the end-time events, Daniel addresses the Gentiles, Ezekiel addresses the Jews on these same events, and the book of Revelation addresses the Church on this subject.
The book of Ezekiel was written to the people of Israel to help them persevere through their time of persecutions during the Babylonian Captivity; but the book of Revelation was addressed to the Church, and not to the Jews, to help them persevere until the end. Therefore, Ezekiel speaks of three major events that relate to the nation of Israel leading up to the ushering in of the Millennial Reign of Christ Jesus, which are the restoration of Israel , the great battle with Russia and its allies and the rebuilding of the Temple with its institution of worship These three important events will involve Israel during these last days leading up to and through the seven-year Tribulation Period.
Thus, Ezekiel tells of these end-time events from the perspective of Israel. Finally, the book of Revelation tells of the end-time events from the perspective of the Church. It is impossible to read it with any attention without perceiving this central truth. Therefore, the distinctive secondary themes of the twelve Minor Prophets can be grouped by their emphasis concerning the redemptive roles of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. God also called Jeremiah to judge the nations Jer in preparation for the coming of the Messiah.
We find a two-fold fulfillment in this prophecy when studying Daniel 9. Jeremiah was speaking of the Jews returning to Jerusalem after a literal seventy-year period. In addition, Zechariah asked the angel of the Lord about this seventy-year period Zech This is because the remedy for rebellion is reconciliation, and God chose Calvary as the means of reconciling Israel and the Gentiles back unto Himself.
He was then told to preach a message of conversion and healing to a rebellions people. We see this message in the preaching of Jesus Christ.
Thus, in this vision we see the theme of justification. God then told Isaiah to speak to a rebellious people that will reject his message so that they are scattered and a remnant allowed to remain Is They were fulfilled by the carrying away of the Babylonian Captivity. Thus, they had a two-fold application. Four of the prophets emphasize the role of God the Father, showing how His righteousness demands judgment upon the nations in the Day of the Lord Nahum, Zephaniah, Obadiah, Habakkuk. Literary evidence is offered by Davies and Allison, who note that half of the Old Testament quotes found in the Gospel of Matthew come from the book of Isaiah.
See W. Davies and Dale C. Clark Ltd, , , Logos. The prophets Zephaniah, Obadiah, and Habakkuk develop the theme of the Day of the Lord, in which God will judge the pagan nations, fully redeem His people, and restore His glory upon the earth. God will judge the nations and restore the nation of Israel and its Hebrew language, appointing a King over them Zephaniah.
God will restore the land to Israel and establish Mount Zion as a place of deliverance and holiness Obadiah. His glory will fill the earth Habakkuk. The Lord will establish Mount Zion as a city of deliverance, a place of holiness, and Israel shall possess the entire land promised to them by Moses Obad The prophets Amos, Jonah, and Micah develop the theme of the Messianic kingdom.
He will offer salvation to the Gentiles on the third day through the resurrection of the Messiah Jonah. God will raise up a Ruler who will gently shepherd His children with forgiveness and compassion Micah.
The books of Habakkuk and Obadiah also contain no specific Messianic prophecies. Adolf Kamphausen and Edmund Venables, trans. Venables London: Bell and Daldy, , , Lange and J. Based upon His unending love towards Israel, God calls His people to return to Him and know Him so that they walk in truth and mercy towards one another Hos , Matt ; In order to accomplish this act of redemption, Hosea predicted the calling of the Messiah out of Egypt Hos , Matt In His great love for Israel, God purchased a backslidden people through the blood of His Son Jesus Christ as Hosea purchased his wife out of harlotry and slavery, a redemption price that delivered them from death Hos , 1 Cor He will raise up the Tabernacle of David to establish His kingdom and offer redemption to the Gentiles Amos , Acts According to Acts , the Church understood the prophecy of Amos as the grafting in of the Gentiles through the Gospel of Jesus Christ.
God will accomplish their redemption through the resurrection of the Messiah on the third day Israel salvation on the third day Jonah , Matt The birth of this Ruler will come from the city of Bethlehem Mic , Matt , who will shepherd Israel, forgiving their iniquities and showing mercy Mic as all nations come to worship Him in Zion Mic , God will raise up a Ruler who will gather the remnant of Israel and gently shepherd them with forgiveness and compassion.
The prophets Malachi, Zechariah, Haggai, and Joel develop the theme of the restoration of the Temple as a dwelling place for the Holy Spirit among men. The Lord will send His Messenger to restore the priesthood as His messengers to Israel Malachi , appoint a High Priest to cleanse the people and restore the nation of Israel Zechariah , rebuild the Temple Haggai , and pour out the Holy Spirit to dwell in men, who serve as the Temple of the living God Joel.
As His messenger, he predicted that God would raise up a true Shepherd to institute a new covenant with Israel and saw in a vision the restoration of their nation through divine judgment upon their enemies Eze He saw in a vision the rebuilding of a more glorious Temple Eze , resulting in the return of the glory of God into the Tabernacle of the Lord and its ministry to Israel and the Gentiles Eze While the prophet Ezekiel addressed various aspects of the role of the Holy Spirit in the restoration of Israel and Temple worship, the four Minor Prophets Malachi, Zechariah, Haggai, and Joel give specific prophecies concerning how these particular events will take place.
The prophet Malachi gives two distinct prophecies of John the Baptist as the priestly herald of the coming Messiah Mal ; This Messiah will serve the dual role as priest-king to atone for sin and reign over the nations to bring peace upon earth.
He explains that the latter Temple will be more glorious than the former With the laying of the foundation, God will begin to bless Israel again as a demonstration of His coming restoration, and the Lord will choose His servant to be the high priest At that time, God will restore the Kingdom of Israel so that the twelve tribes take full possession of the Promised Land.
But verses evidently refer to Messianic times. The great use of prophecy concerning heathen nations was in part the same as that of all other temporal prophecy, namely, to demonstrate the providence of God. Yahweh Himself was behind this movement. He Himself would throw Edom down from its height. No wonder that a later writer readapted the little book to his time by bringing the judgment of Edom into the larger scheme of universal judgment, and that this later writer saw in it an expression of the great national hope and added his brief interpretation, so that it became a book for all times and could pass on from age to age with its burning message, ever setting hearts on fire.
Everett triumph was at hand. The Third, Imperative Themes of the Holy Scriptures - The third theme of each book of the Holy Scriptures is a call by the author for the reader to apply the central truth, or claim, laid down in the book to the Christian life.
Every child of God has been predestined to be conformed to the image of Jesus Christ Rom , and every child of God faces challenges as well as failures in the pursuit of his Christian journey. The child of God cannot fulfill his divine destiny of being conformed into the image of Jesus without yielding himself and following the plan of redemption that God avails to every human being.
This 4- fold, redemptive path is described in Romans as predestination, calling, justification, and glorification. The phase of justification can be further divided into regeneration, indoctrination, divine service, and perseverance. Although each individual will follow a unique spiritual journey in life, the path is the same in principle for every believer since it follows the same divine pattern described above.
This allows us to superimpose one of three thematic schemes upon each book of the Holy Scriptures in order to vividly see its imperative theme. Every book follows a literary structure that allows either 1 the three-fold scheme of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit: or 2 the scheme of spirit, soul, and body of man; or 3 the scheme of predestination, calling, justification regeneration, indoctrination, divine service, and perseverance , and glorification in some manner.
The prophets teach us the future so that we will serve the Lord now in hope of obtaining our eternal, divine destiny. We find several examples in the New Testament as to the purpose of the books of prophecy. In 1 Peter , we are told that these Old Testament prophets did a mental search in order to understand the meaning of their prophecies of the future.
They realized that they were speaking of events that would not happen to themselves, but to a future generation. One story that illustrates the theme of prophetic literature is found in Acts , in which Philip the evangelist meets the Ethiopian eunuch in the desert while reading the book of Isaiah. This eunuch was inspired by this book to seek a deeper understanding of its meaning and of the ways of God.
Philip then took the opportunity to instruct him in the ways of righteousness by faith in Christ Jesus Acts We see how the Holy Spirit brought the Old Testament prophecies to the remembrance of the early Church so that they could understand the events that took place in the life of Jesus Christ in John 36 Julius A. These things understood not his disciples at the first: but when Jesus was glorified, then remembered they that these things were written of him, and that they had done these things unto him.
In other words, it inspired men to seek God with all of their minds. Summary of the Three-fold Thematic Scheme of the Book of Obadiah— The foundational, underlying theme of the book of Obadiah is the central claim of the Pentateuch, a claim stating that the God of Israel is the one true and holy God, who is orchestrating a plan of redemption for mankind.
Literary Structure III. Outline of the Literary Structure The reason for preparing an outline of the literary structure of a book is to visualize its theological framework at a glance. Ezekiel demonstrated the siege of Jerusalem using clay tiles Ez , then he laid on his left side for many days, then on his right side, to demonstrate that God will require Israel to bear its iniquities.
Mason and G. Lane, , Everett The pride of thine heart hath deceived thee, thou that dwellest in the clefts of the rock, whose habitation is high; that saith in his heart, Who shall bring me down to the ground? For thou hast said in thine heart, I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of God: I will sit also upon the mount of the congregation, in the sides of the north: I will ascend above the heights of the clouds; I will be like the most High.
Yet thou shalt be brought down to hell, to the sides of the pit. During the reign of Idi Amin as dictator over Uganda, East Africa , many of the leaders were killed or fled into exile, leaving the poor masses of people to look out for themselves. The universities fell into disarray. The dictator appointed men in positions of leadership because of their loyalty to him rather than their wisdom and skills to manage the Ugandan society. This left the society in chaos, with corruption embedded in every decision.
People treated one another unfairly because wisdom and understand has fled. The Roman statesman Cicero B. Much the same as the game of mora, or dice, l and other games of chance, in which luck and fortune are all in all, and reason and skill avail nothing.
These games are full of trick and deceit, invented for the object of gain, superstition, or error. Yonge, trans. Bohn, , , Everett And the house of Jacob shall be a fire, and the house of Joseph a flame, and the house of Esau for stubble, and they shall kindle in them, and devour them; and there shall not be any remaining of the house of Esau; for the LORD hath spoken it.
The following collection of central ideas of the text has come out of this research to aid the preacher in sermon preparation. As such, the following exegetical, theological, and homiletical ideas provide an outline that endeavours to shape the flow of thought of the biblical text into messages that can be clearly communicated to a modern audience.
Therefore, this idea is written using verbs in the past tense. The theological idea is an enduring and timeless, doctrinal statement that remains true throughout history. Therefore, this idea is written using verbs in the present perfect tense. This idea uses the evidence of the exegetical idea to reflect the primary theme of the book.
Clark, under the general editorship of Philip Schaff. The commentary notes in this series are divided into the same three categories: 1 exegetical and critical, 2 doctrinal and ethical, and 3 homiletical and practical. Later biblical commentary series can be grouped into three major categories: critical, devotional, and homiletical. These groups also reflect the exegetical-theological-homiletical approach used in Study Notes on the Holy Scriptures.
Everett response based upon the theological idea. Therefore, this idea is written using verbs in the present tense. This collection of central ideas provides a theme-based approach for crafting exegetical studies on a book into a cohesive, text-driven, expository sermon series with a clear destination for its hearers. Therefore, an individual sermon text should hinge upon the central idea of its context, and this context should reflect the theological framework of the book itself.
Therefore, every sermon should reflect an aspect of the central theme of the book, and this central theme must fit properly within the theme of its major division in reflecting the overarching, Christocentric theme of the Holy Scriptures.
He is able to develop a sermon series that clearly navigates through the biblical text and presents a clear destination for the congregation.
Clarke, Adam. New York: T. Lane, Davies, W. In The International Critical Commentary. London: T. Clark Ltd, Gill, John. An Exposition of the Old Testament, 6 vols. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: William W. Woodward, Lange, Johann P. Theologisch-homileticsches Bibelwerk: Die Heilige Schrift. Bielefeld: Belhagen und Klasing, Lange, John P. A Commentary on the Holy Scriptures: Critical, Doctrinal, and Homiletical with special reference to ministers and students. Philip Schaff.
Clark,
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