Two of our favorites? Adjectives starting with X and List of verbs. Of course, if the writer or professor prefers a full bibliographic reference, one can be created. Style notes and bibliographic references the same way as you would an online newspaper, but include blog in parentheses immediately following the title of the blog.
Last Name, First Name. Miller, Shannon. Head to our homepage and try ours out! Last Name, First Name, dir. Title of Series. Correra, Gabriel, dir. Myerson, Craig. Both guides are widely used by those in legal fields and have become the standard for referencing legal cases. According to The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition, well-known reference books, including major dictionaries and encyclopedias, are normally cited in notes rather than bibliographies. Lesser known reference books can be cited in the bibliography.
Last name, First name of Author. Title of Dictionary or Encyclopedia. Numbered ed. Location of Publisher: Publisher, Year. Kirschenbaum, Michele. Department of Justice. Washington, DC, Published Interviews are treated in Chicago format style like an article in a magazine or a newspaper. Use one of those formats to cite your interview. According to The Chicago Manual of Style , 17th edition, personal communications, such as letters, e-mails, text messages, and phone calls are usually referenced in the footnotes and endnotes or explained in the text of the paper.
They are rarely listed in the Chicago style bibliography. In addition, an e-mail address belonging to an individual should be omitted, unless given permission by its owner. Still wondering how to style a Chicago in-text citation? Remember, this style uses footnotes and endnotes! Head to the top of this page to learn more! Published on Month Day, Year. Site video, Length. Published on September 11, YouTube video, Since most live performances are not retrievable by the reader, simply refer to them in the text of the paper or in the notes, and omit it from the bibliography.
First Name Last name, chor. The Lion King , Julie Taymor, dir. Garth Fagan, chor. When citing podcasts in Chicago Style, treat it as an article in a periodical or a chapter in a book. If found online, include the url. According to the Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition, cite sheet music the same way as you cite books. Written and edited by Michele Kirschenbaum and Wendy Ikemoto. Michele Kirschenbaum has been an awesome school librarian since and is an expert in citing sources.
Chicago Citation Generator. Choose your source: Website Book Journal More. Keep all of your citations in one safe place Create an account to save all of your citations. Creating a Bibliography in Chicago Style The bibliography is a list of all the sources used in the paper. The bibliography must also follow this format: The citation list or bibliography must be single spaced. The last names of the authors must be arranged alphabetically.
The second line of the source must be indented. Footnotes are found at the bottom of the page Endnotes are added at the end of the chapter or project A footnote or endnote contains the complete citation information The matching number in the footnote or endnote is normal sized and not raised It is up to the discretion of the writer to either place the citation at the bottom of the page where the superscript is placed a footnote or to place all citations together at the end of the work endnotes Example: One would wonder, "Would young Einstein be characterized as belonging somewhere on the autism spectrum?
July 13, Accessed August 04, This will reduce the bulk of citation information in the paper. July 09, August 04, Cohen, "Rubio Losing Support" If a source is used consecutively, follow these guidelines for shortened citation and ibid : If you are citing the same source continually throughout your text, use a shortened version of the full citation in your footnotes.
Shortened citations The first mention of a source should include all relevant information e. Subsequent mentions should be a shortened version using this formula: Last Name, Title of the Work , page number s.
Mentions after the shortened form can use the abbreviated formula: Last Name, page number s. Cateora et al. For examples of how these citation styles work in research papers, consult our sample papers:.
In addition to consulting The Chicago Manual of Style 17th edition for more information, students may also find it useful to consult Kate L.
This manual, which presents what is commonly known as the "Turabian" citation style, follows the two CMOS patterns of documentation but offers slight modifications suited to student texts. The Chicago Notes and Bibliography NB system is often used in the humanities to provide writers with a system for referencing their sources through the use of footnotes, endnotes, and through the use of a bibliography.
This offers writers a flexible option for citation and provides an outlet for commenting on those sources, if needed.
In addition, it can protect writers from accusations of plagiarism, which is the intentional or accidental uncredited use of source material created by others. In the Notes and Bibliography system, you should include a note endnote or footnote each time you use a source, whether through a direct quote, paraphrase, or summary. Footnotes are added at the end of the page on which the source is referenced, while endnotes are compiled at the end of each chapter or at the end of the entire document.
In either case, a superscript number corresponding to a note, along with the bibliographic information for that source, should be placed in the text following the end of the sentence or clause in which the source is referenced. If a work includes a bibliography, which is typically preferred, then it is not necessary to provide full publication details in notes.
If you cite the same source again, or if a bibliography is included in the work, the note only needs to include the surname of the author, a shortened form of the title if more than four words , and the page number s. Translated by Ann Goldstein. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, For books consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database. For other types of e-books, name the format. If no fixed page numbers are available, cite a section title or a chapter or other number in the notes, if any or simply omit.
Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds. Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin Classics, Borel, Brooke. The Chicago Guide to Fact-Checking. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, ProQuest Ebrary. Kurland, Philip B. Melville, Herman. Moby-Dick; or, The Whale. In a note, cite specific page numbers. In the bibliography, include the page range for the whole article. For articles consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database.
LaSalle, Peter. Project MUSE. Satterfield, Susan. Journal articles often list many authors, especially in the sciences. If there are four or more authors, list up to ten in the bibliography; in a note, list only the first, followed by et al. For more than ten authors not shown here , list the first seven in the bibliography, followed by et al. Rachel A. Bay et al. Bay, Rachael A.
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